Dr James M. Hatch, EdD
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August 21st, 2024

21/8/2024

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As I start up my 34th year of teaching I want to share some thoughts and insights on the role of meetings in effective schools. My experience is primarily drawing upon intyerntional education, although I would hazzard to suggest that such items are endemic to all school forms and formats.

Meetings are a fundamental aspect of school organisational life. However, our research findings indicate that excessive reliance on them can detrimentally impact teacher productivity, well-being, and overall school performance. This exploration sheds light on how excessive meetings can inadvertently undermine the goals they intend to support, providing crucial insights for school administrators, educational policymakers, and teachers.
1. Impact on Teacher Productivity and Well-being.
  • Time Management: Teachers often have myriad responsibilities, including lesson planning, marking, and providing individualised student support. Excessive meetings can severely reduce the time available for these critical tasks. Studies demonstrate that teachers who spend a significant portion of their day in meetings report lower productivity levels, negatively impacting both instructional quality and student outcomes (Knight, 2011).
  • Teacher Burnout: Teachers are already susceptible to burnout due to the demanding nature of the profession. Adding unnecessary meetings to their workload can exacerbate stress and reduce job satisfaction. Skaalvik and Skaalvik (2017) noted that non-instructional responsibilities, such as meetings, contribute significantly to emotional exhaustion and burnout among teachers.
2. Diminishing Returns on Collaboration.
  • Ineffective Communication: While meetings enhance communication and collaboration, poorly structured or frequent meetings can lead to information overload and confusion. For instance, meetings without a clear agenda or those that run longer than necessary can be considered ineffective. Steven Rogelberg’s work on workplace meetings illustrates that such ineffective meetings result in reduced morale and lower levels of engagement, which diminishes their overall effectiveness (Rogelberg, 2019).
  • Groupthink and Redundancy: Constant meetings can also foster groupthink, a psychological phenomenon where the desire for harmony or conformity in a group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome. This stifles innovation and can lead to decisions that are not in the school's best interest. Janis (1982) first identified this phenomenon, which is particularly harmful in educational settings where creativity and adaptive problem-solving are essential. Additionally, repetitive meetings can become redundant, leading to a lack of action and demoralising staff (Jackson, 2018).
3. Impact on School Leadership.
  • Inefficient Decision-Making: An over-reliance on meetings can impede decision-making in schools. Leadership studies by Spillane (2006) highlight that schools with distributed leadership models, where decision-making power is delegated more broadly, function more efficiently than those dependent on frequent centralised meetings.
  • Micromanagement Concerns: Excessive meetings can create a culture of micromanagement, where teachers feel they have little autonomy over their practice. Sinek (2009) argues that autonomy and trust are crucial for maintaining a motivated workforce; micromanagement through constant meetings erodes this trust.
4. Alternative Strategies for Schools.
  • Empowering Teachers: Schools that grant teachers greater autonomy by reducing unnecessary meetings tend to achieve better teacher performance and student learning outcomes. Hargreaves and Fullan (2012) have shown that fostering teacher agency—allowing teachers to take control of their professional practice—improves job satisfaction and student achievement.
  • Efficient Use of Technology: Many schools have turned to technology to reduce the number of in-person meetings. For instance, shared documents can be used for collaborative planning, project management software can help track progress and deadlines, and messaging platforms can facilitate quick communication without constant face-to-face meetings (West, 2020). This allows teachers to devote more time to instructional activities, enhancing overall school effectiveness.

Conclusion
While an overreliance on meetings can negatively affect schools, including decreased productivity, teacher burnout, ineffective communication, and slowed decision-making, there is hope. By reducing unnecessary meetings, utilising alternative strategies, such as technology, and empowering teachers with autonomy, schools can significantly improve the working environment for staff and the educational outcomes for students.


 References:
  • Hargreaves, A., & Fullan, M. (2012). Professional Capital: Transforming Teaching in Every School. Teachers College Press.
  • Janis, I. L. (1982). Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes. Houghton Mifflin.
  • Knight, J. (2011). Unmistakable Impact: A Partnership Approach for Dramatically Improving Instruction. Corwin Press.
  • Rogelberg, S. G. (2019). The Surprising Science of Meetings: How You Can Lead Your Team to Peak Performance. Oxford University Press.
  • Sinek, S. (2009). Start With Why: How Great Leaders Inspire Everyone to Take Action. Portfolio.
  • Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2017). Teacher Stress and Burnout: The Role of Job Demands, Resources, and Coping Strategies. Teaching and Teacher Education.
  • Spillane, J. P. (2006). Distributed Leadership. Jossey-Bass.
  • West, M. R. (2020). Education and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from K-12 Schooling and the Economy. Brookings Institution.

Japanese Summary:
私が教育現場での34年目を迎えるにあたり、学校における会議の役割についての考えを共有したいと思います。私の経験は主に国際教育に基づいていますが、こうした問題はすべての学校形態に共通していると言えるでしょう。

会議は学校組織の基本的な側面ですが、私たちの研究によると、会議に過度に依存することは、教師の生産性、福祉、そして学校全体のパフォーマンスに悪影響を与える可能性があります。本稿では、会議が意図している目標をどのようにして不意に損なってしまうかを探り、学校管理者、教育政策立案者、教師に重要な洞察を提供します。

1. **教師の生産性と福祉への影響**
   - **時間管理**:教師は授業準備、採点、生徒個別のサポートなど、多くの責任を抱えています。会議が過剰になると、これらの重要なタスクに割く時間が大幅に減少します。研究によると、会議に多くの時間を費やす教師は、生産性が低下し、授業の質や生徒の成果に悪影響を与えることが示されています(Knight, 2011)。
   - **教師のバーンアウト**:教師は職業の性質上、すでにバーンアウトのリスクが高いです。不要な会議がその負担を増大させ、ストレスや仕事への満足度を低下させます。Skaalvik and Skaalvik(2017)は、会議のような非教育的な責任が感情的な疲労やバーンアウトに大きく寄与していることを指摘しています。

2. **協働の効果の減少**
   - **非効率的なコミュニケーション**:会議はコミュニケーションと協働を促進しますが、構造が不十分だったり頻繁すぎる会議は、情報の過剰摂取や混乱を引き起こす可能性があります。例えば、明確なアジェンダのない会議や長引く会議は、無効と見なされます。Steven Rogelbergの研究によると、こうした無効な会議は士気を低下させ、エンゲージメントを下げ、結果的に効果を減少させるとされています(Rogelberg, 2019)。
   - **グループシンクと冗長性**:会議の頻繁さがグループシンク(集団思考)を助長し、創造性を抑制し、非合理的な意思決定を引き起こすことがあります。これは教育現場において特に有害で、創造的かつ適応的な問題解決が求められる場面で重大な障害となります(Janis, 1982)。また、繰り返しの会議は冗長になり、行動の欠如やスタッフの士気を低下させる可能性があります(Jackson, 2018)。

3. **学校リーダーシップへの影響**
   - **非効率的な意思決定**:会議に過度に依存すると、学校内での意思決定が妨げられることがあります。Spillane(2006)のリーダーシップ研究によると、意思決定権を分散させた学校は、頻繁な中央集権的な会議に依存している学校よりも効率的に機能します。
   - **マイクロマネジメントの懸念**:頻繁な会議は、教師が自分の実践に対する自律性を持たないという感覚を生じさせる可能性があります。Sinek(2009)は、自律性と信頼がモチベーションを維持するために重要であり、頻繁な会議によるマイクロマネジメントはこの信頼を損なうと指摘しています。

4. **学校の代替戦略**
   - **教師のエンパワーメント**:不要な会議を減らし、教師により大きな自律性を与える学校は、教師のパフォーマンスや生徒の学習成果を向上させる傾向があります。Hargreaves and Fullan(2012)は、教師が自分の専門的実践をコントロールすることができる環境を作ることで、仕事の満足度と生徒の成果が向上することを示しています。
   - **テクノロジーの効率的な活用**:多くの学校では、対面の会議の回数を減らすためにテクノロジーを利用しています。例えば、共同作業には共有ドキュメントを使用し、プロジェクト管理ソフトウェアで進捗状況や期限を追跡し、メッセージングプラットフォームで迅速なコミュニケーションを図ることができます(West, 2020)。これにより、教師はより多くの時間を教育活動に充てることができ、学校全体の効果が向上します。

**結論**
会議に過度に依存することは、学校において生産性の低下、教師のバーンアウト、非効率なコミュニケーション、意思決定の遅延など、さまざまな悪影響を及ぼす可能性があります。しかし、不要な会議を減らし、テクノロジーを活用し、教師に自律性を与えることで、学校の労働環境や教育成果は大幅に改善される可能性があります。​
Okinawan and Japanese Budo
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    James M. Hatch

    International Educator who happens to be passionate about Chito Ryu Karate. Born in Ireland, educated in Canada, matured in Japan

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